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Articles

Four Traditions Under One Umbrella: What German Idealism, Phenomenology, Existentialism and Critical Theory Actually Share

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A Committee That Judged Itself

A Heaven That Does Not Answer

A Ladder to Be Thrown Away: Wittgenstein's Tractatus and the Limits of Language

A Name Invented by Its Outsiders: How Continental Philosophy Got Its Name

A Philosophy Against Philosophy

A Private Language Cannot Exist

A Soul That Never Leaves: Plotinus and the Puzzle of the Undescended Self

A Winter of Optics: Schopenhauer and Goethe at Weimar

Al-Farabi's Grammar of Being

Anselm's Island and the Argument That Would Not Die

Augustine's Refutation of Manichaean Dualism Through the Privation Theory of Evil

Badarayana and the Terseness That Founded a Tradition

Being Before Concept: Schelling's Late Case Against His Own Reputation as Hegel's Warm-Up Act

Bracketing the World: What Husserl's Epoche Actually Asks You to Do

Building the Qin War Machine

Chrysippus and the Dog Tied to the Cart

Chrysippus and the logic that saved the Stoa

Class as the Engine of History

Doubting Everything to Find One Thing Certain

Epictetus and the Argument for What Is Truly Ours

Existence Before Essence

Fa, Shu and Shi: The Three Tools of Rule

Fichte and the Self That Posits Itself

Four Traditions Under One Umbrella: What German Idealism, Phenomenology, Existentialism and Critical Theory Actually Share

Fragments of Zeus, Bound by Role

Freedom Without Limit: Merleau-Ponty's Break With Sartre

Frege's Sense and Reference

From Consciousness to Being-in-the-World: Heidegger's Break with His Teacher

From Farbenlehre to the Retina: Schopenhauer's Departure from Goethe

God and the State, Explained

Goethe Against Newton: The Case for a Human Theory of Color

Goethe and Spinoza: A Borrowed God, Not a Borrowed System

Here Is One Hand: A Proof That Proves Less Than It Seems

How a Pagan Philosopher Shaped Christian Theology: Augustine's Debt to Plotinus

How Law Replaced Virtue

Hume's Fork and the Limits of Reason

Hume's Unanswerable Question

Husserl's Epoche and the Meaning of Bracketing the Natural Attitude

Kierkegaard on the Dizziness of Freedom

Madhva's Ranked Cosmos: Epistemology and the Fate of Souls

Marcus Aurelius and the City of the Whole

Marx Against the Utilitarians

Merleau-Ponty's Body Schema and the Lessons of the Schneider Case

Mill's Case for the Liberty of Thought and Action

Moore's Refutation of Idealism

Neither Rival Nor Twin: Daoism and Confucianism

No Institution Can Hold a Free Man

Not Two: How Shankara Read the Upanishads Against Themselves

One Poem or Two

Plotinus on Evil as Privation and His Quarrel with the Gnostics

Porphyry's Case for Justice Toward Animals in On Abstinence

Property Is Theft: What He Actually Meant

Providence or Atoms: The Argument Marcus Aurelius Never Finished Having With Himself

Ramanuja's Body of God

Reason's Widest Claim: Spinoza's Single Substance

Russell's Knowledge by Acquaintance and by Description

Schelling and Nature as Visible Spirit

Schiller's Kantian Turn: The Aesthetic Letters and the Play Drive

Seneca's Persona and the Problem of a Rich Stoic

Shankara on Error and the Necessity of Scripture

The Architecture of the Brahma Sutras

The Argument With Marx

The Assistant Who Turned Away: Husserl, Heidegger, and What Phenomenology Was For

The Editor Who Disagreed: Porphyry Between Loyalty and Independence

The Ghost in the Machine, Reconsidered

The Great Systematizer, Not the Founder

The Hymns Nobody Can Agree He Wrote

The Illness That Cannot Be Moderated

The Insurrectionist

The King of France Problem: Russell's Theory of Descriptions

The King Who Left Him Behind

The Logic Behind the Sage

The Logician Who Outlived His Own Ruin

The Making of a Counterrevolutionary

The Man Who Found the Crack and Then Had to Build Around It

The Man Who Refused a Crown

The Mandate That Can Be Lost

The Mind as Blank Slate

The Mind That Builds Its Own World

The One Beyond Being: Plotinus's Radical Reading of Plato