Classical Indian Philosophy

Philosophers working within the classical schools of Indian metaphysics that ask what ultimately exists and how the self relates to it: the orthodox Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga and Vaisheshika schools built on the Vedas and Upanishads, alongside the heterodox Buddhist Madhyamaka tradition founded on the doctrine of emptiness. Gathers the systematizers and commentators of nondualist and qualified nondualist Vedanta, the atomist Vaisheshika school's founding figures, the dualist Samkhya tradition, the Mahayana Buddhist philosopher who founded the Madhyamaka school of the middle way, and later continuators who restated classical Vedanta and its allied traditions into the modern period, including a twentieth century Indian thinker who integrated Vedanta with an evolutionary spiritual philosophy. Spans roughly the first millennium BCE through the twentieth century.