German Idealism And Romanticism

Philosophers of the German Idealist movement that reworked Kant's critical philosophy into full metaphysical systems grounded in reason, spirit or will, from the founders of transcendental and absolute idealism through the philosopher of pessimistic will who broke from their optimism about reason and history. Also gathers the Romantic poets and essayists of England and Scotland whose own metaphysics was directly shaped by German Idealist thought, and later Hegelian revivalists, including a Dutch philosopher who led a national neo-Hegelian revival, who kept the tradition's systematic ambitions alive into the following century. Spans roughly the late eighteenth through early twentieth centuries.