Kazimierz Twardowski

Kazimierz Twardowski, born Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski, lived from October 20, 1866 to February 11, 1938, and was a Polish philosopher, psychologist and logician who served as rector of the University of Lwów. Trained in the tradition of Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory, he championed a detailed, systematic style of analysis he called small philosophy, applied to specific problems rather than sweeping system building. His 1894 book On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations argued for a distinction between the content and the object of a mental presentation within Franz Brentano's theory of intentionality, and became an early text of what grew into semiotics. In Lwów he founded the Polish Philosophical Society in 1904, Poland's first experimental psychology laboratory in 1907 and the journal Ruch Filozoficzny in 1911, and through students including Stanislaw Lesniewski, Jan Lukasiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and Roman Ingarden he became known as the founder of the Lwów-Warsaw school of logic and the father of Polish logic.