Tadeusz Kotarbinski

Tadeusz Marian Kotarbinski lived from March 31, 1886 to October 3, 1981 and was a Polish philosopher, logician and ethicist, and a prominent member of the Lwow-Warsaw school of logic who belonged to both the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is best known for developing reism, a pansomatist ontology and semantic theory holding that only concrete individual objects, called things, are legitimate objects of reference. He also built up praxeology, the systematic study of efficient human action, examining the philosophical foundations of work and purposeful activity, and he articulated an ethical system he called independent ethics, meant to stand apart from any single religious or metaphysical foundation.