Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr

Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr was an Iraqi Islamic scholar and philosopher, also known as al-Shahid al-Khamis, and the ideological founder of the Islamic Dawa Party. His book The Logical Foundations of Induction proposed a new inductive logic he termed Subjectivist Logic, and his Iqtisaduna critiqued both socialism and capitalism while proposing an Islamic economic alternative that helped found modern Islamic banking. He also advanced a theory of governance holding that khilafa is a right given to the whole of humanity. He was executed by Saddam Husseins government in 1980 after founding and resisting through the Islamic Dawa Party.