Epistemology

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called the theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge.

Epistemologically, Nyaya develops a sophisticated precursor to contemporary reliabilism (particularly process reliabilism), centered on the notion of knowledge-sources (pramana).

Tabula rasa; Latin for "blank slate"

The problem of induction is a philosophical problem that questions the rationality of predictions about unobserved things based on previous observations.

According to the reliabilist approach to epistemology, any adequate account will need to mention the reliability of the process responsible for the belief, or truth-conducive considerations more generally.

Dilthey's aim was to expand Kant's primarily nature-oriented Critique of Pure Reason into a Critique of Historical Reason

2. Theory of Knowledge

On the Certainty of Knowledge: A Psychological-Epistemological Study

his neo-Kantian approach helped establish sociological antipositivism

Logik der reinen Erkenntnis (1902)

scientific philosophy must be concerned with purely descriptive definitions of experience

he used the classical skeptical arguments to show that science, in the Aristotelian sense of giving necessary reasons or causes for the behavior of nature, cannot be attained

He rejected the authority of the old masters and medievals in favor of reason, logic and experience.

a moral epistemology that combines elements of Locke’s epistemology

His unusual marriage of Cartesianism and empiricism challenges many standard views of Descartes and the Cartesian philosophy

he attempted to simplify the Kantian theory and make it more of a unity by basing it on one principle

He accepts with some reluctance Locke's deduction of our knowledge from two sources, sensation and reflection.

best known for his philosophical method, his theory of perception, and its wide implications on epistemology

By this critical scepticism Maimon takes up a position intermediate between Kant and Hume.

Tetens is therefore supposed to have introduced Immanuel Kant to phenomenalistic thought and to the empiricism / transcendence dualism.

a skeptical polemic against Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Karl Leonhard Reinhold's Elementary Philosophy

His Slokavarttika develops original arguments in epistemology and philosophy of language that influenced not only Mimamsakas but also their Vedanta and Nyaya interlocutors.

The Claim of Reason, his magnum opus, reread skepticism not as a doctrine to be refuted but as a condition of human knowing to be acknowledged.

He denied that the human soul has innate and eternal ideas

he did not agree with dogmatism

philosophy depended wholly on reason

our access to knowledge of the natural world is dependent on the constraints and licenses that follow from our epistemic grasp being limited to information provided by senses

Hartlib set out with a universalist goal: "to record all human knowledge and to make it universally available for the education of all mankind".

knowledge is born from nature and nature from God

Bernier abridged and translated the philosophical writings of his friend Pierre Gassendi from Latin into French.

Descartes brought the question of how reliable knowledge may be obtained (epistemology) to the fore of philosophical enquiry

Stoic sensualism and empiricism

Philosophy of education, epistemology, journalism, ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, metaphysics

Ethics, social and political philosophy, logic, epistemology

Philosophy of language, philosophy of action, philosophy of mind, epistemology, ontology

Aesthetics, history of Western philosophy, literary theory, metaphilosophy, metaphysics, epistemology, social philosophy, psychoanalysis, semiotics (film semiotics)

Epistemology critical social theory political theory philosophy of law Rationalization (sociology), rationalization pragmatics pragmatism

Natural philosophy metaphysics epistemology theology logic ontology politics Theological voluntarism

Moral philosophy, political philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of religion

Logic, ontology, epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, set theory

Logic (particularly modal) Philosophy of language Metaphysics Set theory Epistemology Philosophy of mind History of analytic philosophy

Social criticism Natural philosophy Epistemology

Philosophy of mind, of language, of science, and of mathematics Metaphilosophy Epistemology Jewish philosophy

LogicEpistemology Philosophy of science Semantics

Political philosophy, ethics, epistemology

Literary theory, aesthetics, philosophy of technology, epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of history

Epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of religion, logic, modal logic, philosophy of science, natural theology

Epistemology

Metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, studies of immediate experience

Metaphysics, Epistemology, Philosophy of language, Language, Ontology, Aesthetics, Hermeneutics

LogicPhilosophy of languageMetaphysics EpistemologyEthics

Philosophy of mind Philosophy of perception Epistemology Meaning Pragmatism Behaviorism History of philosophy Expressivism

Philosophy of science Philosophy of logic Epistemology Pragmatism

Ontology, epistemology, rhetoric, moral relativism

Dharmakīrti (fl. c. 600-670 CE) was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā. He was one of the key scholars of epistemology (pramāṇa) in Buddhist philosophy, and is associated with the Yogācāra and Sautrāntika schools.

Philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ancient philosophy, philosophy of mind

Philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, history of science, epistemology, politics

Political philosophy, Politics, Philosophy of law, law, rhetoric, theology, ethics, epistemology

Logic, epistemology, metaphysics, induction, counterfactuals, mereology, aesthetics, philosophy of science, philosophy of language

Epistemology, sociology, political philosophy, aesthetics

Epistemology, philosophy of science, standpoint theory

Epistemology, ethics

Aesthetics, epistemology, formal ontology, nature vs nurture

Philosophy of mathematics, Epistemology, Logic, Linguistics, Mathematics, Islamic philosophy

Sufism, Tafsir, Epistemology, Ontology, Poetry, Fiqh

Hedonism, Epistemology

Philosophy of language Semantics Pragmatics Metaphysics Epistemology History of philosophy

Philosophy of mind Epistemology

Philosophy of language, logic, metaphysics, epistemology

Philosophy of mind, epistemology, metaphysics, meta-ethics

Action theory (philosophy), Action theory, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of science

IdentityMetaphysics EpistemologyEthics

Modal logic, philosophy of action, philosophy of language, epistemology, philosophy of science

Neurophilosophy, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, artificial intelligence, epistemology

Epistemology, mysticism, Sufi metaphysics

Philosophical logic, philosophy of language, epistemology, metaphysics

Philosophy of mind Philosophy of language Philosophy of mathematics Frege Wittgenstein Epistemology

Metaphysics, epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of perception, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, ethics, meta-ethics

Philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of law

Metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, philosophy of mind, logic

Philosophy of science, philosophy of medicine, metaphysics, epistemology

Epistemology Political philosophy Feminist philosophy

Logic, ontology, epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, ethics.

Logic, epistemology, theology

Walter Terence Stace (17 November 1886-2 August 1967) was a British civil servant, educator, public philosopher and epistemologist, who wrote on Hegel, mysticism, and moral relativism.

Aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of logic, meta-ethics

Her work specialises in epistemology, metaphilosophy, and black feminist philosophy.

Epistemology, logic, mind, mathematics, language

epistemology existentialism literary criticism sociology

epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophical logic

philosophy of mind, metaphysics, epistemology

José Zalabardo (born 1964) is a Spanish-British philosopher who works on epistemology, metaphysics, and related areas.

Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics

Her work concerns philosophy of science, epistemology, feminist philosophy, and human/animal relationships.

Epistemology, hadith studies, Islamic metaphysics, mysticism, ontology, tafsir, Quranic exegesis

Neoplatonism, Kantianism, and Hinduism, Emerson developed a metaphysics of process, an epistemology of moods, and an “existentialist” ethics of self-improvement.

This philosophy is in the Aristotelian tradition, with that tradition’s emphasis upon metaphysical naturalism, empirical reason in epistemology, and self-realization in ethics.

ourselves from the governing metaphors of mind and knowledge in which the traditional problems of epistemology and metaphysics (and indeed, in Rorty’s view, the self-conception of modern philosophy) are rooted.

Second, he intended to dislodge unnecessary Western epistemologies that are to be found in African philosophical practices.

Suhrawardi provides an original Platonic critique of the dominant Avicennan Peripateticism of the time in the fields of logic, physics, epistemology, psychology, and metaphysics.

He writes on extremism, terrorism, self-knowledge, perception, epistemic vices and topics in Kantian epistemology.

Bradley is best known for work on decision theory, formal epistemology, semantics, and climate change policy.

After several years of employment by the university, where he was mainly occupied with questions of epistemology in the social sciences, Sidi Mohammed Barkat directed a research programme at the Collège international de philosophie

Foundationalism concerns philosophical theories of knowledge resting upon non-inferential justified belief, or some secure foundation of certainty such as a conclusion inferred from a basis of sound premises.

The Münchhausen trilemma (also known as Agrippa's trilemma) is an epistemological thought experiment intended to demonstrate the theoretical impossibility of proving any truth, even in the fields of logic and

Reliabilism, a category of theories in the philosophical discipline of epistemology, has been advanced as a theory both of justification and of knowledge.

The new riddle of induction was presented by Nelson Goodman in Fact, Fiction, and Forecast as a successor to Hume's original problem.

The Cartesian circle (also known as Arnauld's circle) is an example of fallacious circular reasoning attributed to French philosopher René Descartes.

They are often anti-skeptical arguments referring to the conditions making experience or knowledge possible.

He devised it to analyze what properties are essential for bodies, show how uncertain our knowledge of the world is compared to our knowledge of our minds, and argue for rationalism.

Peritrope (Greek: περιτροπή) is Socrates' argument against Protagoras' view of subjective truth, as presented in Plato's book known as Theaetetus (169-171e).

It emerged in the mid-20th century as a skeptical response to modernism, emphasizing the instability of meaning, rejection of universal truths, and critique of grand narratives.

He wrote over twenty scholarly books and numerous journal articles on different areas of philosophy including epistemology, logic, and phenomenology.

The work discusses creation, questions about the soul, epistemology, and Ismaili Islamic doctrines.

Epistemology, philosophy of action

Ásta is predominantly concerned with metaphysics, the philosophy of language, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics.

Jones has published in the areas of epistemology, ethics, philosophy of mind, aesthetics, and metaphilosophy.

At the very least, this shall afford us a glimpse at the way Ibn Kammūna handles a key notion of psychology, epistemology, and the theory of prophecy, in various literary formats.