Materialism

In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that everything that exists is ultimately physical. Alternative or opposing views include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism and other forms of monism. Philosophers recorded in this atlas are grouped here when their work belongs to the materialist tradition.