The branch of philosophy that asks how political power should be organized and justified: what makes a state legitimate, what justice requires of its institutions, and what obligations, if any, a citizen owes to the state in return. Plato's Republic proposed that a just city requires rule by philosophers who have grasped the Form of the Good, while Aristotle's Politics treated the city as a natural association aimed at the good life and classified constitutions by who rules and in whose interest. The social contract tradition, running through Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, reframed legitimacy as something derived from the consent, real or hypothetical, of the governed, a move that shaped modern liberal and republican thought alike. The branch overlaps ethics at every point, since a theory of what the state owes its citizens depends on a prior theory of what people are owed.
Facts
Central QuestionWhat makes political authority legitimate, and what, if anything, do individuals owe the state? 1 Key DebateThe justification of political authority: philosophical anarchists argue that no state possesses genuinely legitimate authority, because state power cannot secure authentic consent or moral obligation from every individual it governs, while other traditions hold that political authority can be justified through consent, mutual benefit, or the goods only a state can secure; Mohism's own case for a strong, meritocratic state against endemic warfare sits on the opposite end of this same question from philosophical anarchism. 2 Key DebateWhere sovereignty and legitimacy originate: Bodin locates it in an indivisible sovereign power, Hobbes in a covenant escaping a violent state of nature, Locke in natural rights the state exists to protect, Rousseau in the general will of a self-governing people, and Weber in the distinct grounds, traditional, charismatic or legal-rational, on which any authority is actually obeyed. 1 Disputed
Key DebateLiberty versus equality: whether a just society must give priority to individual liberty against redistribution, as libertarians such as Robert Nozick argue, or whether liberty is only meaningful alongside a fair distribution of resources, as egalitarians such as John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin argue. 1 Robert Nozick's libertarian reply to John Rawls kept this dispute alive as the central fault line in twentieth and twenty first century political philosophy. Political Philosophy
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Can any state's authority ever be genuinely legitimate?
Philosophical anarchists argue that no state can secure authentic consent or moral obligation from every person it governs, so no state's authority is genuinely legitimate, while other traditions hold that authority can be justified through consent, mutual benefit, or goods only a state can secure.
Philosophical anarchists argue that no state possesses genuinely legitimate authority, because state power cannot secure authentic consent or moral obligation from every individual it governs. Other traditions disagree, holding that political authority can be justified through consent, mutual benefit, or the goods that only a state can secure. Mohism's own case for a strong, meritocratic state as the only real defense against endemic warfare sits at the opposite end of this same question from philosophical anarchism, despite arising from an entirely separate tradition.
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Source Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Mohism argued for meritocratic government and against offensive warfare, placing it in dialogue with political philosophy as well as ethics.
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1. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Stanford University, Center for the Study of Language and Informationentry: Political Legitimacy
Political legitimacy is a virtue of political institutions and of the decisions, about laws, policies, and candidates for political office, made within them.
- entry: Jean Bodin
- s.v. Liberty
- Includes: Plato
- Includes: Simone de Beauvoir
- Includes: Jeremy Bentham
- Includes: The Republic
- Includes: Karl Marx
- Includes: Jean Bodin
- Includes: Six Books of the Commonwealth
- Includes: Thomas Hobbes
- Includes: Leviathan
- Includes: John Locke
- Includes: Second Treatise of Government
- Includes: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Includes: The Social Contract
- Includes: Max Weber
- Includes: Economy and Society
- Includes: Social Contract Theory, entry: Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy
- Includes: Marxism, entry: Karl Marx
- Associated With: Plato, entry: Plato's Republic
- Associated With: Aristotle, entry: Aristotle's Politics
- Associated With: Thomas Hobbes, entry: Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy
- Associated With: John Locke, entry: Locke's Political Philosophy
- Associated With: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, entry: Rousseau's Political Philosophy
- Includes: A Theory of Justice
- Includes: Das Kapital
- Includes: God and the State
- Includes: Han Feizi
- Includes: Reflections on the Revolution in France
- Includes: The Book of Lord Shang
- Includes: The Rebel
- Includes: Two Treatises of Government
- Includes: What Is Property?
- Includes: Frankfurt School
- Includes: Max Horkheimer
- Includes: Dialectic of Enlightenment
Associated With: Mohism, entry: Mohism, Introduction
They were the first in the tradition to engage, like Socrates in ancient Greece, in an explicit, reflective search for objective moral standards and to give step-by-step, tightly reasoned arguments for their views.
View the Source 2. Anarchism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyIntroductionQuote, Introduction
Anarchism is a political theory that is skeptical of the justification of authority and power.
View the Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Natural Law Theories (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Stanford University, Center for the Study of Language and InformationIncludes: Hugo GrotiusView the Source Philosophy and Economics (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Philosophy of Economics, Three subject matters discussionQuote, Associated With: Philosophy of Economics, Three subject matters discussion
It is useful to divide philosophy of economics in this way into three subject matters which can be regarded respectively as branches of action theory, ethics (or normative social and political philosophy), and philosophy of science.
View the Source Philosophy of Sport (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Philosophy of Sport, Lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Philosophy of Sport, Lead section
These issues cover many areas, but fall primarily into five philosophical categories: metaphysics, ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of law, political philosophy and aesthetics.
View the Source Feminist Philosophy (Wikipedia)
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Feminist philosophy has also been an important source for arguments for gender equality.
View the Source Harm Principle (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Harm Principle, Lead section
The harm principle holds that the actions of individuals should be limited only to prevent harm to other individuals.
Includes: Harm Principle, Lead
The harm principle holds that the actions of individuals should be limited only to prevent harm to other individuals.
View the Source Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Max Stirner
Includes: Max Stirner, Lead, critique of civilisationQuote, Includes: Max Stirner, Lead, critique of civilisation
shakes their confidence in the moral and political superiority of contemporary civilisation
View the Source Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Thomas Hill Green
Includes: T. H. Green, Lead, politicsQuote, Includes: T. H. Green, Lead, politics
Green's perfectionist ethics influence his politics.
View the Source 1001 Philosophers: Friedrich Engels (1001 Philosophers)
Includes: Friedrich Engels, Biography, leadQuote, Includes: Friedrich Engels, Biography, lead
was a German political philosopher, economic theorist, and lifelong intellectual collaborator of Karl Marx
View the Source 1001 Philosophers: Herbert Spencer (1001 Philosophers)
Includes: Herbert Spencer, Biography, leadQuote, Includes: Herbert Spencer, Biography, lead
articulated a classical-liberal political philosophy in The Man versus the State
View the Source 1001 Philosophers: Alexis de Tocqueville (1001 Philosophers)
Includes: Alexis de Tocqueville, Frequently asked questions, known forQuote, Includes: Alexis de Tocqueville, Frequently asked questions, known for
Alexis de Tocqueville was a French aristocrat, political philosopher, and historian.
View the Source Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Rosa Luxemburg
Includes: Rosa Luxemburg, IntroductionQuote, Includes: Rosa Luxemburg, Introduction
Luxemburg is best known for her contributions to some of the most important economic and political debates that have shaped the development of socialist thought
View the Source Emma Goldman (Wikipedia)
Includes: Emma Goldman, Lead, political philosophyQuote, Includes: Emma Goldman, Lead, political philosophy
She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy
View the Source Giuseppe Mazzini (Wikipedia)
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a proponent of a republicanism of social-democratic inspiration
View the Source Ferdinand Lassalle (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ferdinand Lassalle, Lead, social democracyQuote, Includes: Ferdinand Lassalle, Lead, social democracy
Best remembered as an initiator of the social democratic movement in Germany
View the Source Moses Hess (Wikipedia)
Includes: Moses Hess, Lead, socialismQuote, Includes: Moses Hess, Lead, socialism
was a German-Jewish philosopher, a writer on socialism, and in later life, a forerunner of the political movement
View the Source Giovanni Botero (Treccani Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani)
Includes: Giovanni Botero, Entry, worksQuote, Includes: Giovanni Botero, Entry, works
dava alla luce in Venezia i dieci libri Della ragion di Stato
View the Source Samuel von Pufendorf (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Includes: Samuel von Pufendorf, Lead, branchQuote, Includes: Samuel von Pufendorf, Lead, branch
a sovereignty theorist in politics
View the Source 1001 Philosophers: Christian Thomasius (1001 Philosophers)
Includes: Christian Thomasius, Lead, branchQuote, Includes: Christian Thomasius, Lead, branch
a natural-law theory drawn from Pufendorf
View the Source Lord Shaftesbury (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Includes: Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, Lead, branchQuote, Includes: Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, Lead, branch
of defending political liberty and tolerance
View the Source 1001 Philosophers: Gabrielle Suchon (1001 Philosophers)
Includes: Gabrielle Suchon, Lead, branchQuote, Includes: Gabrielle Suchon, Lead, branch
one of the most original feminist political philosophers of the Grand Siecle
View the Source Cho Sik (Wikipedia)
Includes: Cho Sik, Biography, petitionsQuote, Includes: Cho Sik, Biography, petitions
he frequently submitted petitions criticizing the abuses and corruption stemming from the king's relatives' political maneuvering and demanding reforms
View the Source Pietro Giannone (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pietro Giannone, Conflict with the ChurchQuote, Includes: Pietro Giannone, Conflict with the Church
Giannone was the first to deal systematically with the question of Church and State
View the Source Hermann Conring (Wikipedia)
Includes: Hermann Conring, LeadQuote, Includes: Hermann Conring, Lead
later in his career addressed himself to politics
View the Source Olympe de Gouges (1001 Philosophers)
Includes: Olympe de Gouges, FAQ, philosophical movementsQuote, Includes: Olympe de Gouges, FAQ, philosophical movements
Olympe de Gouges was associated with Enlightenment, Feminism, and Political Philosophy.
View the Source James Harrington (author) (Wikipedia)
Includes: James Harrington, Lead, republican thoughtQuote, Includes: James Harrington, Lead, republican thought
He is best known for The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656), an exposition of an ideal republican constitution
View the Source Lucrezia Marinella (Wikipedia)
Includes: Lucrezia Marinella, Lead, women's rightsQuote, Includes: Lucrezia Marinella, Lead, women's rights
women's rights advocate from the Republic of Venice
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Includes: Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Life, honoursQuote, Includes: Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Life, honours
Gozze was highly regarded for his works related to philosophy, politics, sociology, and pedagogy
View the Source Jean de Silhon (Wikipedia)
Includes: Jean de Silhon, Lead, reason of stateQuote, Includes: Jean de Silhon, Lead, reason of state
At Cardinal Richelieu's prompting, he defended the concept of reason of state
View the Source Pierre Grégoire (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pierre Grégoire, Career and key ideas, De RepublicaQuote, Includes: Pierre Grégoire, Career and key ideas, De Republica
is a detailed analysis of the function and purposes of a Christian commonwealth within a complex legal framework
View the Source Girolamo Frachetta (Wikipedia)
Includes: Girolamo Frachetta, Works, political writingsQuote, Includes: Girolamo Frachetta, Works, political writings
he dealt with political and economic questions
View the Source John Dewey (Wikipedia)
Includes: John Dewey, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: John Dewey, Infobox: main_interests
Philosophy of education, epistemology, journalism, ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, metaphysics
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Ethics, social and political philosophy, logic, epistemology
View the Source Michel Foucault (Wikipedia)
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Ethics, historical epistemology, history of ideas, philosophy of literature, philosophy of technology, political philosophy
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Kwame Nkrumah (born Francis Nwia Kofi Ngonloma, /(ə)nˈkruːmə/ (ə)n-KROO-mə; 21 September 1909-27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary.
View the Source Slavoj Žižek (Wikipedia)
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Ideology, Marxism, ontology, political theory, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, film theory, theology, German idealism, dialectic
View the Source Simone Weil (Wikipedia)
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Political philosophy, philosophy of religion, philosophy of science
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Frantz Omar Fanon (, US: ; French: [fʁɑ̃ts fanɔ̃]; 20 July 1925-6 December 1961) was a French psychiatrist and political philosopher, who made critical contributions to the fields of post-colonial studies and critical theory.
View the Source Judith Butler (Wikipedia)
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Feminist theory, political philosophy, ethics, psychoanalysis, phenomenology (philosophy), phenomenology, discourse, embodied cognition, embodiment, sexuality, gender studies, Jewish philosophy
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Political philosophy
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Epistemology critical social theory political theory philosophy of law Rationalization (sociology), rationalization pragmatics pragmatism
View the Source George Santayana (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: George Santayana, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: George Santayana, Infobox: main_interests
Moral philosophy, political philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of religion
View the Source Cornel West (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Cornel West, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Cornel West, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, philosophy of religion, ethics, race (classification of human beings), race, caste, democracy, liberation theology
View the Source Martha Nussbaum (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Martha Nussbaum, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Martha Nussbaum, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, ethics, feminism, liberal theory
View the Source Alasdair MacIntyre (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Alasdair MacIntyre, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Alasdair MacIntyre, Infobox: main_interests
Ethics, metaethics, history of ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy
View the Source Kwame Anthony Appiah (Wikipedia)
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Probabilistic semantics, political theory, moral theory, intellectual history, race and identity theory
View the Source Robert Nozick (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Robert Nozick, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Robert Nozick, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, ethics, epistemology
View the Source Herbert Marcuse (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Herbert Marcuse, LeadQuote, Includes: Herbert Marcuse, Lead
Herbert Marcuse ( mar-KOO-zə; German: [maʁˈkuːzə]; July 19, 1898, July 29, 1979) was a German and American philosopher, social critic, and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.
View the Source Paul Ricoeur (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Paul Ricoeur, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Paul Ricoeur, Infobox: main_interests
Phenomenology Hermeneutics Philosophy of action Moral philosophy Political philosophy Philosophy of language Personal identity Narrative identity Historiography Literary criticism Ancient philosophy
View the Source Achille Mbembe (Wikipedia)
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Joseph-Achille Mbembe (; born 1957) is a Cameroonian historian and political theorist who is a research professor in history and politics at the Wits Institute for Social and Economy Research at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
View the Source Charles Taylor (Wikipedia)
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Social philosophy, political philosophy, cosmopolitanism, secularity, religion, modernity
View the Source Michael Sandel (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Michael Sandel, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Michael Sandel, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, jurisprudence, ethics
View the Source Ronald Dworkin (Wikipedia)
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Jurisprudence, political philosophy
View the Source T. M. Scanlon (Wikipedia)
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Ethics, political philosophy
View the Source G.A. Cohen (Wikipedia)
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Political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of history, social theory
View the Source Nancy Fraser (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Nancy Fraser, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Nancy Fraser, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy
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WikipediaIncludes: Axel Honneth, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Axel Honneth, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, Social philosophy, Moral philosophy, Critical theory, Recognition (sociology), Recognition
View the Source Giorgio Agamben (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Giorgio Agamben, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Giorgio Agamben, Infobox: main_interests
Aesthetics Political philosophy Social philosophy
View the Source Charles W. Mills (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Charles W. Mills, LeadQuote, Includes: Charles W. Mills, Lead
Charles Wade Mills (January 3, 1951, September 20, 2021) was a Caribbean-American philosopher who specialized in political philosophy.
View the Source Niccolò Machiavelli (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)Includes: Niccolò Machiavelli, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Niccolò Machiavelli, Infobox: main_interests
Politics and political philosophy, military theory, history
View the Source Paul Feyerabend (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Paul Feyerabend, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Paul Feyerabend, Infobox: main_interests
Philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ancient philosophy, philosophy of mind
View the Source Imre Lakatos (Wikipedia)
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Philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, history of science, epistemology, politics
View the Source Miguel de Unamuno (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Miguel de Unamuno, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Miguel de Unamuno, Infobox: main_interests
Philosophy of religion, political philosophy
View the Source Isaiah Berlin (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Isaiah Berlin, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Isaiah Berlin, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, philosophy of history, history of ideas, ethics, Marxism, modern history, Russian history, Russian literature, Romanticism
View the Source Cicero (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Cicero, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Cicero, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, Politics, Philosophy of law, law, rhetoric, theology, ethics, epistemology
View the Source Jean-Francois Lyotard (Wikipedia)
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Epistemology, sociology, political philosophy, aesthetics
View the Source Henry Sidgwick (Wikipedia)
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Economics, ethics, political philosophy
View the Source Erasmus (Wikipedia)
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Bonae litterae Philology Pastoral theology Patristics Catholic theology Political philosophy Philosophy of education Criticism of Protestantism
View the Source Giovanni Pico della Mirandola - Wikipedia
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Political philosophy, Politics, philosophy of history, history, philosophy of religion, religion, Western esotericism, esotericism
Includes: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Infobox: main_interests
Political philosophy, Politics, philosophy of history, history, philosophy of religion, religion, Western esotericism, esotericism
View the SourcePeter Kropotkin - Wikipedia
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Political philosophy Political history Economics Ethics Darwinian theory Geography
View the Source Michael Walzer (Wikipedia)
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Michael Laban Walzer (born March 3, 1935) is an American political theorist and public intellectual.
View the Source Iris Marion Young - Wikipedia
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Contemporary political theory, feminist social theory, and public policy
View the Source Wikipedia: R. M. Hare
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Moral philosophy, political philosophy
View the Source Ato Sekyi-Otu (Wikipedia)
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Ato Sekyi-Otu is a Ghanaian political philosopher.
View the Source Aminata Diaw (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Aminata Diaw, LeadQuote, Includes: Aminata Diaw, Lead
Aminata Diaw Cissé (24 May 1959-14 April 2017) was a Senegalese lecturer and political philosopher who taught at the Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD).
View the Source Byung-Chul Han, Wikipedia
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Burnout (psychology), Burnout, Depression (clinical), Depression, Internet, Love, Political theory, Power (social and political), Power, Religion, Social media, Transparency (behavior), Transparency, Violence
View the Source Wikipedia: Abdolkarim Soroush
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Philosophy of religion Social and political philosophy
View the Source Akeel Bilgrami, Wikipedia
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Philosophy of the mind, Philosophy of language, Secularism, Political philosophy
View the Source Gianni Vattimo - Wikipedia
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Ethics Political philosophy
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Epistemology Political philosophy Feminist philosophy
View the Source Guy Hocquenghem, Wikipedia
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Sexuality, desire, gay liberation, political philosophy, psychoanalysis, capitalism, identity
View the Source Antonio Escohotado, Wikipedia
Includes: Antonio Escohotado, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Antonio Escohotado, Infobox: main_interests
Liberalism, metaphysics, culture, ethics, freedom, history of communism, sociology, drugs, politics, dialectic, Marxism, fractal, drug liberalization, history of commerce, political philosophy, history of slavery, law
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Political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of sexuality, philosophy of religion
View the Source Stephen Davies (philosopher) (Wikipedia)
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He mainly writes on aesthetics, particularly the philosophy of music but also works on political philosophy.
View the Source Wikipedia: Helga Varden
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Legal philosophy, political philosophy, feminist philosophy
View the Source Wikipedia: Wendy Brown
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Wendy L. Brown (born November 28, 1955) is an American political theorist.
View the Source Wikipedia: Neera K. Badhwar
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Ethics, political philosophy
View the Source Wikipedia: Christian F. Rostbøll
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Political philosophy
View the Source Wikipedia: Simon Hailwood
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Simon Hailwood is a British philosopher whose research concerns moral philosophy, political philosophy, environmental philosophy, environmental ethics, political realism, and pragmatism.
View the Source Liberalism (Wikipedia)
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Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property, and equality before the law.
View the Source Wikipedia: Postcolonialism
WikipediaIncludes: Postcolonialism, LeadQuote, Includes: Postcolonialism, Lead
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands.
View the Source Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Ayn Rand
Internet Encyclopedia of PhilosophyIncludes: Ayn Rand, AbstractQuote, Includes: Ayn Rand, Abstract
Her political philosophy is in the classical liberal tradition, with that tradition’s emphasis upon individualism, the constitutional protection of individual rights to life, liberty, and property, and limited government.
View the Source Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Jacques Derrida
Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyIncludes: Jacques Derrida, AbstractQuote, Includes: Jacques Derrida, Abstract
in literary criticism and theory, in art and, in particular, architectural theory, and in political theory.
View the Source Sri Aurobindo (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Sri Aurobindo, Page categories: Indian political philosophersView the Source Thomas More (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Thomas More, Page categories: English political philosophersView the Source Kwame Gyekye (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Kwame Gyekye, LeadQuote, Includes: Kwame Gyekye, Lead
Notable is his presentation and defense of moderate communitarianism (or MC), which can be understood as a political theory rooted in principles of common good and dignity.
View the Source B. R. Ambedkar (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: B.R. Ambedkar, Page categories: Indian political philosophersView the Source Amartya Sen (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Amartya Sen, Page categories: Indian political philosophersView the Source Luis Villoro, Wikipedia
Includes: Luis Villoro, Page categories: Spanish political philosophersView the Source bell hooks (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: bell hooks, Page categories: American political philosophersView the Source Wikipedia: Georges Politzer
WikipediaIncludes: Georges Politzer, Page categories: French political philosophersView the Source Wikipedia: Per Bauhn
WikipediaIncludes: Per Bauhn, LeadQuote, Includes: Per Bauhn, Lead
His main research interests include ethics and political philosophy, but also aesthetics.
View the Source Wikipedia: David Rodin
WikipediaIncludes: David Rodin, Page categories: New Zealand political philosophersView the Source Wikipedia: Antun Maqdisi
WikipediaIncludes: Antun Maqdisi, Page categories: Political philosophersView the Source Wikipedia: María Elósegui
WikipediaIncludes: María Elósegui, Page categories: Spanish political philosophersView the Source Wikipedia: Noël O'Sullivan
WikipediaIncludes: Noël O'Sullivan, Page categories: English political philosophersView the Source Aníbal Quijano, Wikipedia
Includes: Anibal Quijano, Article textQuote, Includes: Anibal Quijano, Article text
His research was about sociology, economics, history and political theory.
View the Source Leonhard Praeg (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Leonhard Praeg, Article textQuote, Includes: Leonhard Praeg, Article text
Praeg's work is rooted in African philosophy with a particular focus on African political philosophy and the politics of knowledge production in higher education.
View the Source Wikipedia: Rhina Toruño Haensly
WikipediaIncludes: Rhina Toruño Haensly, Article textQuote, Includes: Rhina Toruño Haensly, Article text
in modern philosophy, existentialism, contemporary French philosophy, ethics, and social and political philosophy.
View the Source Ngamen Kouassi Cyrille Dalex (Wikipedia)
Includes: Ngamen Kouassi Cyrille Dalex, LeadQuote, Includes: Ngamen Kouassi Cyrille Dalex, Lead
Ngamen, a professor of philosophy, has specialty in Ethics, Social and Political Philosophy.
View the Source Antonio Gramsci (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Antonio Gramsci, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Antonio Gramsci, Infobox: main_interests
Politics, economics, ideology, culture
View the Source Louis Althusser (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Louis Althusser, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Louis Althusser, Infobox: main_interests
Politics, economics, ideology
View the Source Onora O'Neill (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIncludes: Onora O'Neill, LeadQuote, Includes: Onora O'Neill, Lead
O'Neill has written widely on political philosophy and ethics, international justice, bioethics and the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.
View the Source Alexander Herzen (Wikipedia)
Includes: Alexander Herzen, Infobox: main_interestsQuote, Includes: Alexander Herzen, Infobox: main_interests
Politics, economics, class struggle
View the Source Wikipedia: Samantha Brennan
WikipediaIncludes: Samantha Brennan, LeadQuote, Includes: Samantha Brennan, Lead
Brennan's research focuses on contemporary normative ethics, applied ethics, political philosophy, and feminist philosophy.
View the Source Wikipedia: Bernd Ladwig
WikipediaIncludes: Bernd Ladwig, LeadQuote, Includes: Bernd Ladwig, Lead
Bernd Ladwig (born 7 August 1966) is a German political philosopher who is a professor of political theory and political philosophy at the Freie Universität Berlin.
View the Source Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Tommaso Campanella
Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyIncludes: Tommaso Campanella, Introduction, political theoryQuote, Includes: Tommaso Campanella, Introduction, political theory
The fundamental core of his thinking, which will be examined in this article, was concerned with the philosophy of nature (what would nowadays be called science), magic, political theory and natural religion.
View the Source 1001Philosophers: Muhammad Iqbal
1001PhilosophersIncludes: Muhammad Iqbal, Opening sentenceQuote, Includes: Muhammad Iqbal, Opening sentence
Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a Pakistani philosopher of the Modern era, associated with Islamic Philosophy and Political Philosophy.
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